JLPT N4 - Grammar ๐ŸŒŸ ใŒใ‚‹ / ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ garu / gatteiru

Japanese grammar pattern โ€œใ€œใŒใ‚‹ / ใ€œใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹โ€ (garu / gatte iru) labeled N4 on a teal background, used to express that someone appears to have a certain feeling or emotion.

Imagine this, you’re walking down a street in Japan, and suddenly you stop in front of a cake shop.

Your friend’s eyes start sparkling, their mouth drops open, and they can’t look away from the strawberry shortcake in the window…

You can feel it, right?
They really want to eat that cake!

In Japanese, there’s a special way to describe this kind of situation, when someone’s feelings show through their actions or expressions, even if they don’t say a word.

That’s where ใŒใ‚‹ / ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (garu / gatteiru) comes in!
It’s used when someone else shows signs of emotion, like fear, embarrassment, or desire.


Now, let’s explore it together!

 

 

 

ใใ†ใ  (souda / seems like) vs ใŒใ‚‹ / ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹(garu / gatteiru)
Both expressions describe how someone appears to feel, but there’s a subtle difference in where the observation comes from.

ใใ†ใ  focuses on appearance, what you see or sense from the outside.
It’s like saying, “They look happy” or “She seems tired.”
It’s your impression based on what you can observe.

ใŒใ‚‹ / ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹, on the other hand, focuses on behavior, what the person does that shows their feeling.
It’s not just how they look, but how they act or react emotionally.

 

Examples:
ๅฝผใฏใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใใ†ใ ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใใ†ใ ใ€‚
kare ha ureshisou da.
He looks happy. (based on appearance)

 

ๅฝผใฏใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
kare ha ureshigatteiru.
He’s showing happiness. (based on action or reaction)

 

Common Usage Pattern: ใปใ—ใŒใ‚‹ (hoshigaru) : “to want”

When describing someone else’s desire, we use ใปใ—ใŒใ‚‹ (hoshigaru).
This combines ใปใ—ใ„ + ใŒใ‚‹ to express a stronger, more visible feeling, when someone clearly shows that they want something.

 

Example:
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใปใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ ใฏ ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใ‚ใใ›ใ•ใ‚Šใƒผ ใ‚’ ใปใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
kanojo ha atarashii akusesarii wo hoshigatteiru.
She wants a new accessory.

 

You’ll often hear this pattern in daily life, it’s a natural way to describe what someone seems to want, not what you want!

 

๐Ÿ’ก Tip:
ใปใ—ใŒใ‚‹ is never used for your own desires.
To express your wants, use ใปใ—ใ„ (hoshii) instead.
โœ… ็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใŒใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚(I want a new accessory.)
โŒ ็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใปใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚(unnatural)

 

 

 

ใ†ใกใฎ็Œซใฏ็ˆชๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅซŒใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ†ใก ใฎ ใญใ“ ใฏ ใคใ‚ ใใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใฎ ใ‚’ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ‚„ใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚
uchi no neko ha tsume kirareru no wo totemo iyagaru.
My cat really hates having its claws trimmed.

 

ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒ้กใ‚’ใฟใฆไธๆ€่ญฐใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ ใŒ ใ‹ใŒใฟ ใ‚’ ใฟใฆ ใตใ—ใŽ ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
kodomo ga kagami wo mite fushigi gatteiru.
The child is looking at the mirror curiously.

 

ๅฝผใฏ่ฉฆๅˆใซ่ฒ ใ‘ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚”ใ—ใŒใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ—ใ‚ใ„ ใซ ใพใ‘ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใใ‚„ใ— ใŒใฃใŸใ€‚
kare ha shiai ni makete, totemo kuyashigatta.
He lost the match and looked very frustrated.

 

ๅฝผใฏ้šŽๆฎตใ‹ใ‚‰่ฝใกใŸใŒใ€็—›ใŒใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใŠใกใŸ ใŒใ€ใ„ใŸใŒใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใ™ ใ‚‚ ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
kare ha kaidan kara ochita ga, itagaru yousu mo nakatta.
He fell down the stairs, but didn’t seem to show any sign of pain.

 

ๆ€ฅ็”จใงๅ‹้”ใฏๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใŒใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ† ใง ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใฏ ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ† ใซ ใ„ใ‘ใชใใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใ–ใ‚“ใญใ‚“ ใŒใฃใŸใ€‚
kyuuyou de tomodachi ha ryokou ni ikenakute, totemo zannen gatta.
My friend couldn’t go on the trip because of an urgent matter and felt very disappointed.


ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผ
ใ“ใ‚ใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ€ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถ๏ผ
kowagaranai de, daijoubu!
Don’t be scared, it’s okay!

 

 

 

  • Grammar Point: ใŒใ‚‹ / ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (garu / gatteiru)
  • JLPT Level: N4
  • Meaning: To show signs of, to appear to feel, to act (a certain emotion)
  • Quick Explanation: Attach ใŒใ‚‹ to the stem of adjectives that express feelings or desires to describe someone else’s emotions or behavior.

So that’s how we use ใŒใ‚‹ and ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹!
They’re super useful when you want to describe someone’s emotions, like when your friend acts shy, looks scared, or seems really happy.

Once you master this pattern, your Japanese will sound much more expressive, like you can truly capture how people feel around you.

 

็งใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅญฆใณใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎๅ‘ณๆ–นใงใ™๏ผ
ใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏใ€ใซใปใ‚“ ใฎ ใ“ใจ ใ‚’ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ ใพใชใณใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฟใ‚“ใช ใฎ ใฟใ‹ใŸ ใงใ™๏ผ
watashi ha, nihon no koto wo takusan manabitagatteiru minna no mikata desu!
I’m on the side of everyone who’s eager to learn all about Japan!

 

Now it’s your turn! Look around today and try describing how people seem to feel in Japanese!

 

Your Sensei,
Hikari ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿป‍๐Ÿซ

 


 

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