JLPT N2 - Grammar ๐ ใจใใฃใ to itta
Have you ever noticed that Japanese sometimes lists a few examples… and then smoothly wraps them into one category?
For example, instead of just saying “I like sushi and tempura,”
Japanese often goes one step further and says something like:
“sushi and tempura… Japanese food like that.”
This kind of expression shows up a lot in articles, explanations, presentations, and even JLPT reading questions. It sounds a little more organized, a little more formal, and very Japanese.
You may already know ใใใใชใฉ, which you learned at the beginner level.
That’s great!
Now, at the N2 level, Japanese introduces a more polished version of that idea: ใจใใฃใ (to itta).
ใจใใฃใ is used when you list a few representative examples and then describe them as a group. Like saying, “things such as A and B,” or “categories like these.”
It’s not something you use casually with friends every day, but it’s extremely common in written Japanese, news, explanations, and JLPT texts.
Let’s learn how ใใจใใฃใ works, and how to recognize it quickly when you see it in real Japanese.



ใใใใชใฉ (~ya~nado) vs ใจใใฃใ (to itta)
Both ใใใใชใฉ and ใจใใฃใ are used to give examples in Japanese, but they differ in formality, structure, and purpose.
ใใใใชใฉ (~ya~nado) - Casual listing of examples
ใใใใชใฉ is commonly used in everyday conversation.
It simply lists examples and doesn’t strongly define them as a category.
ๆบใฎไธใซใๆฌใใใณใชใฉใใใใพใใ
ใคใใ ใฎ ใใ ใซใใปใ ใ ใบใ ใชใฉ ใ ใใใพใใ
tsukue no ue ni, hon ya pen nado ga arimasu.
There are books, pens, and things like that on the desk.
Use ใใใใชใฉ when you’re speaking casually and just want to mention a few examples.
ใจใใฃใ (to itta) - Grouping examples into a category
ใจใใฃใ is more formal and often used in written Japanese, explanations, articles, and presentations. It lists representative examples and then clearly defines them as one group or type of thing.
ในใใผใใใฉใณใใใฝใณใณใจใใฃใ้ปๅญๆฉๅจใฏ็ๆดปใซๆฌ ใใใพใใใ
ใใพใผใจใตใใ ใ ใฑใใใ ใจใใฃใ ใงใใใใ ใฏ ใใใใค ใซ ใใใใพใใใ
sumaato fon ya pasokon to itta denshi kiki wa seikatsu ni kakasemasen.
Electronic devices such as smartphones and computers are essential to daily life.
Use ใใจใใฃใ when you want to sound organized, explanatory, or formal. Especially when defining a category.
ๆฅๆฌใฎใขใใกใๆผซ็ปใจใใฃใๆๅใฏใๆตทๅคใงใ้ซใ่ฉไพกใใใฆใใพใใ
ใซใปใ ใฎ ใใซใ ใ ใพใใ ใจใใฃใ ใถใใ ใฏใใใใใ ใงใ ใใใ ใฒใใใ ใใใฆ ใใพใใ
nihon no anime ya manga to itta bunka ha, kaigai demo takaku hyouka sarete imasu.
Japanese culture such as anime and manga is highly regarded overseas.
็ด่ฑใใญใ ใใจใใฃใ็บ้
ต้ฃๅใฏใไฝใซ่ฏใใจ่จใใใฆใใพใใ
ใชใฃใจใ ใ ใใใก ใจใใฃใ ใฏใฃใใใใใใฒใ ใฏใใใใ ใซ ใใ ใจ ใใใใฆ ใใพใใ
nattou ya kimuchi to itta hakkou shokuhin ha, karada ni yoi to iwarete imasu.
Fermented foods such as natto and kimchi are said to be good for your health.
้ฑๆซใฏใใญใฃใณใใ็ปๅฑฑใจใใฃใใขใฆใใใขใๆฅฝใใไบบใๅขใใฆใใพใใ
ใใ
ใใพใค ใฏใใใใใท ใ ใจใใ ใจใใฃใ ใใใจใฉใ ใ ใใฎใใ ใฒใจ ใ ใตใใฆ ใใพใใ
shuumatsu ha, kyanpu ya tozan to itta autodoa wo tanoshimu hito ga fuete imasu.
On weekends, more people are enjoying outdoor activities such as camping and hiking.
ๅฐ้ใๅฐ้ขจใจใใฃใ่ช็ถ็ฝๅฎณใธใฎๅใใ้่ฆใงใใ
ใใใ ใ ใใใตใ ใจใใฃใ ใใใใใใใ ใธ ใฎ ใใชใ ใ ใใ
ใใใ ใงใใ
jishin ya taifuu to itta shizensai gai he no sonae ga juuyou desu.
Preparing for natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons is important.
ๅ
ฅไผใซใฏใๅ
่จฑ่จผใใในใใผใใจใใฃใๆฌไบบ็ขบ่ชๆธ้กใๅฟ
่ฆใงใใ
ใซใ
ใใใ ใซ ใฏใใใใใใใใ ใ ใฑใใฝใผใจ ใจใใฃใ ใปใใซใใใใซใ ใใใใ ใ ใฒใคใใ ใงใใ
nyuukai ni ha, menkyoshou ya pasupooto to itta honninkakunin shorui ga hitsuyou desu.
To join, identification documents such as a driver’s license or passport are required.
ๅผ็คพใงใฏใ่ฑ่ชใไธญๅฝ่ชใจใใฃใ่ชๅญฆใซๅ ช่ฝใชไบบๆใๆฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใธใใใ ใง ใฏใใใใ ใ ใกใ
ใใใใ ใจใใฃใ ใใใ ใซ ใใใฎใ ใช ใใใใ ใ ใใจใใฆ ใใพใใ
heisha de ha, eigo ya chuugokugo to itta gogaku ni tannou na jinzai wo motomete imasu.
Our company is looking for people who are proficient in languages such as English and Chinese.

- Grammar Point: ใจใใฃใ (to itta)
- JLPT Level: N2
- Meaning: Such as, like, examples of
- Quick Explanation: ใจใใฃใ is used to list a few representative examples and then describe them as one group or category.
So that’s how we use ใจใใฃใ!
It’s a very Japanese way to organize information giving clear examples first, and then neatly summarizing them into one idea.
ๆฅๆฌใงใฏใๅฏฟๅธใๅคฉใทใใจใใฃใๆ็ใๆๅใงใใ
ใซใปใใงใฏใใใใใฆใใทใใจใใฃใใใใใใใใใใใงใใ
Nihon de wa, sushi ya tenpura to itta ryouri ga yuumei desu.
In Japan, dishes such as sushi and tempura are famous.
Now, it’s your turn!
Try making your own sentence using ใจใใฃใ think of two examples, then name the group they belong to!
Your Sensei,
Hikari ๐ฉ๐ป๐ซโจ
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