JLPT N2 - Grammar ๐ŸŒŸ ใใฎไธŠ sono ue

Japanese conjunction โ€œใใฎไธŠโ€ (sono ue) labeled N2 on a pink background, used to add information, meaning โ€œon top of that,โ€ โ€œmoreover,โ€ or โ€œin addition.โ€

Have you ever had a day where one good thing happened, and then BAM! Another amazing thing happened right after?
Or maybe you missed your train, and then realized you forgot your umbrella just as it started pouring?

In Japanese, when you want to say "on top of that" or "besides," we use the super handy expression ใใฎไธŠ (ใใฎใ†ใˆ / sono ue).

It is like adding a cherry on top of a sundae (positive!) or adding fuel to a fire (negative!). Whether you are bragging about a perfect date or complaining about a tough day, ใใฎไธŠ helps you stack your points for extra emphasis.
It literally means "on top of that," and it is perfect for showing that something is not just "A," but it is "A PLUS B!"

Let’s dive into how to use it to make your Japanese sound more expressive and natural! Ready? Let's go!

 

 

 

๐Ÿ’กQuick Tip๏ผš

Sentence 1 and Sentence 2 must follow the same direction.
"Positive + Positive" or "Negative + Negative" ๐Ÿ˜‰

 

ใใ‚Œใซ (sore ni) vs ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ (shikamo) vs ใใฎไธŠ (sono ue)
These three all add information, but the "feeling" behind them is different!

 

ใใ‚Œใซ (sore ni)
ใใ‚Œใซ is the most casual and neutral. It is just adding another item to a list.

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ€ๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎ ใ‚Œใ™ใจใ‚‰ใ‚“ ใฏ ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ€ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono resutoran ha oishii desu. sore ni, yasui desu.
This restaurant is delicious. And, it is cheap.

 

ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ (shikamo)
ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ adds an element of "surprise" or "unexpectedness." It feels like "not only that, but surprisingly also this!"

ๅฝผใฏๆญŒใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒ ใ‚‚ๅฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ†ใŸ ใŒ ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใš ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ‚‰ใ‚€ ใ‚‚ ใŸใŸใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
kare ha uta ga jouzu desu. shikamo, doramu mo tatakemasu.
He is good at singing. What is more, he can also play the drums!


ใใฎไธŠ (sono ue)
ใใฎไธŠ is used when you want to emphasize the "amount" or "degree" of the situation. It feels like "A is already enough, but there is even B on top of it!"

ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ ้“ใซ ่ฟทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€้›จใพใง้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใใฎใ† ใฏ ใฟใก ใซ ใพใ‚ˆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ ใพใง ใตใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
kinou ha michi ni mayoimashita. sono ue, ame made furaremashita.
I got lost yesterday. On top of that, I got rained on.
(Using the passive form here makes it sound even more like a bad luck day!)

 

 

ๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใŒ้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€ใƒŸใ‚นใŒๅ…จใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ—ใ”ใจ ใŒ ใฏใ‚„ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใฟใ™ ใŒ ใพใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
kare ha shigoto ga hayai desu. sono ue, misu ga mattaku arimasen.
He works fast. On top of that, he makes no mistakes at all.

 

ใ“ใฎใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฏๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€ๆŽฅๅฎขใ‚‚ไธ€ๆตใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎ ใปใฆใ‚‹ ใฏ ใ‘ใ—ใ ใŒ ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใ›ใฃใใ‚ƒใ ใ‚‚ ใ„ใกใ‚Šใ‚…ใ† ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hoteru ha keshiki ga subarashii desu. sono ue, sekkyaku mo ichiryuu desu.
This hotel has a wonderful view. On top of that, the customer service is top notch.

 

ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ฌ‘้ก”ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€่ชฐใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ ใฏ ใˆใŒใŠ ใŒ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใ ใ‚Œ ใซ ใŸใ„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
kanojo ha egao ga totemo kawaii. sono ue, dare ni taishite mo yasashii desu.
She has a very cute smile. Besides, she is kind to everyone.

 

ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใŸ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใŒ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€้ ใ‘ใŸ่ท็‰ฉใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚ˆใ‚„ใ ใ—ใŸ ใฒใ“ใ†ใ ใŒ ใŠใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใ‚ใšใ‘ใŸ ใซใ‚‚ใค ใŒ ใฟใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
yoyaku shita hikouki ga okureta. sono ue, azuketa nimotsu ga mitsukaranai.
The flight I booked was delayed. To make matters worse, I cannot find my checked luggage.

 

ไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€ไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใฎๆ‚ฉใฟใ‚‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ—ใ”ใจ ใŒ ใ„ใใŒใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใซใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‘ใ„ ใฎ ใชใ‚„ใฟ ใ‚‚ ใ‚ใฃใฆ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใคใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
shigoto ga isogashii desu. sono ue, ningenkankei no nayami mo atte totemo tsukareteimasu.
I am busy with work. On top of that, I have worries about human relationships, so I am very tired.

 

ๅฝผใฏใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใŒ ๅฅฝใใ ใ€‚ใใฎไธŠใ€ๅ‹้”ใซๅ€Ÿ้‡‘ใพใงใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใŽใ‚ƒใ‚“ใถใ‚‹ ใŒ ใ™ใ ใ ใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใซ ใ—ใ‚ƒใฃใใ‚“ ใพใง ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
kare ha gyanburu ga suki da. sono ue, tomodachi ni shakkin made shiteiru rashii.
He likes gambling. Furthermore, I heard he is even in debt to his friends.

 

 

 

  • Grammar Point: ใใฎไธŠ (ใใฎใ†ใˆ, sono ue)
  • JLPT Level: N2
  • Meaning: Besides, in addition, furthermore, on top of that
  • Quick Explanation: Use ใใฎไธŠ when you want to emphasize that another fact is being added to an existing situation.


So that is how we use ใใฎไธŠ!
It is a powerful connector that adds extra flavor to your stories and descriptions.

 

ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ใใฎไธŠใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ็ด ๆ•ตใช ไบบ๏ผ
ใซใปใ‚“ ใฎ ใถใ‚“ใ‹ ใŒ ใ™ใ ใงใ€ใใฎใ†ใˆใ€ใซใปใ‚“ใ” ใ‚’ ใพใ™ใŸใƒผ ใ—ใ‚ˆใ† ใจ ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ€ใปใ‚“ใจใ† ใซ ใ™ใฆใ ใช ใฒใจ๏ผ
nihon no bunka ga suki de, sono ue, nihongo wo masutaa shiyou to ganbatteiru anata ha, hontou ni suteki na hito!
You are a truly wonderful person for liking Japanese culture and, on top of that, working hard to master the Japanese language!

 

Keep up the great work, and If you ever need anything, you can always come to me, Hikari Sensei!

 

Your Sensei,
Hikari ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿป‍๐Ÿซโœจ

 


 

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