JLPT N2 - Grammar ๐ ใใใ shikamo
Have you ever wanted to add one more punch to your sentence, like “not only that, but also!” or “and what’s more!”?
For example, you might say, “This ramen is super tasty, and on top of that, it’s cheap!” Or, “This smartphone’s battery lasts a long time, and what’s more, it’s really light.” And in a less fortunate situation, you might say, “I was late to class, and what’s worse, I forgot my homework too…”
That’s exactly what ใใใ (shikamo) does in Japanese.
It’s an N2-level conjunction you’ll often hear in conversations, TV shows, or even advertisements when someone wants to emphasize an extra, often surprising detail.
Whether you want to highlight something positive or pile on an unfortunate situation, ใใใ is your go-to word. And once you master it, your storytelling will become much smoother and more engaging!
Shall we check it out?



ใใใซ (sarani)
Adds information like “furthermore” or “in addition,” but is more neutral and less emphatic than ใใใ.
ใใฎ่ฌใฏๅนๆใ้ซใใใใใซใๅฏไฝ็จใๅฐใชใใ
ใใฎ ใใใ ใฏ ใใใ ใ ใใใใใใใซใใตใใใใ ใ ใใใชใใ
kono kusuri ha kouka ga takai. sarani, fukusayou mo sukunai.
This medicine is effective. Furthermore, it has few side effects.
ใใฎไธ (sono ue)
More formal than ใใใ, often used in writing or polite conversation.
ๅฝผใฏไปไบใๆฉใใใใฎไธใๆญฃ็ขบใ ใ
ใใ ใฏ ใใใจ ใ ใฏใใใใใฎใใใใใใใ ใ ใ
kare ha shigoto ga hayai. sono ue, seikaku da.
He works quickly. Moreover, he’s accurate.
๐ก Tip:
ใใใซ = neutral, “in addition,” adds calmly
ใใฎไธ = polite, often written or formal
ใใใ = conversational, emphatic, adds an element of surprise
ใใฎใฉใผใกใณใๆฌๅฝใซ็พๅณใใใใใใใๅฎใใ
ใใฎ ใใผใใ ใปใใจใใซ ใใใใใใใใใใใใใ
kono raamen hontou ni oishii. shikamo, yasui.
This ramen is really delicious. And on top of that, it’s cheap.
ๅฝผใฏๅญฆๅนดใง1็ชใฎๆ็ธพใใจใฃใใใใใๅ
จๆ็งๆบ็นใงใ
ใใ ใฏ ใใใญใ ใง ใใกใฐใ ใฎ ใใใใ ใ ใจใฃใใใใใ ใใใใใใ ใพใใฆใ ใงใ
kare ha gakunen de ichiban no seiseki wo totta. shikamo, zenkyouka manten de.
He got the top grades in his grade. And on top of that, he got perfect scores in every subject.
ใใฎใขใใชใใจใฆใไฝฟใใใใใใใใใใใงใใใใใใ็กๆใชใใงใใ
ใใฎ ใใทใใใจใฆใ ใคใใใใใ ใใ ใใใใ ใงใใใใใใใใใใ ใชใใงใใ
kono apuri, totemo tsukaiyasui kara osusume desu. shikamo, muryou nan desu.
This app is really easy to use, so I recommend it. And what’s more, it’s free.
ไปๆฅใฏ้จใ ใใใใ้ทใใชใฃใฆใใใใใๅบๆญฉใใใใซใชใใญใ
ใใใ ใฏ ใใ ใ ใใใใ ใใฟใชใ ใ ใชใฃใฆใใ ใใใใงใใใใใ ใซ ใชใ ใญใ
kyou ha ame da. shikamo, kaminari mo natteiru kara, dearukesou ni nai ne.
It’s raining today. And on top of that, there’s thunder, so it doesn’t look like we can go out.
้ใซ่ฟทใฃใฆไปๆฅๆณใพใใใใซใ่ฆใคใใใชใใใใใใในใใใฎ้ปๆฑ ใๅใใใใ ...ใ
ใฟใก ใซ ใพใใฃใฆ ใใใ ใจใพใ ใปใฆใ ใ ใฟใคใใใชใใใใใใใใพใป ใฎ ใงใใก ใ ใใใใ ใ …ใ
michi ni mayotte kyou tomaru hoteru ga mitsukaranai. shikamo, sumaho no denchi ga kiresou da…
I got lost and can’t find the hotel I’m staying at tonight. And what’s worse, my phone battery is about to die...

- Grammar Point: ใใใ (shikamo)
- JLPT Level: N2
- Meaning: Moreover, on top of that, what’s more, and yet
- Quick Explanation: ใใใ is used to add extra information, often surprising, impressive, or even unfortunate, on top of what was just said. It makes your sentences more engaging, dramatic, or emphatic.
So that’s how we use ใใใ in Japanese!
It’s the perfect word when you want to add an extra punch, whether it’s to brag about something great, or to pile on a little extra drama to your story.
ใใคใๅคง่กๅใฎใฑใผใญๅฑใใใไปๆฅใฏใใพใใพ็ฉบใใฆใใใฎใงใใใงใณใฌใผใใฑใผใญใ่ฒทใใพใใใใใใใใฟใคใ ใปใผใซใใใฃใฆใใฆ10%ใชใใงใใใใใฃใใผ๏ผ
ใใคใ ใ ใใใใใใค ใฎ ใใผใใใใ ใ ใใใ ใฏ ใใพใใพ ใใใฆใใ ใฎใงใใกใใใใผใจใใผใ ใ ใใใพใใใใใใใใใใใใผใ ใ ใใฃใฆใใฆ ใใ
ใฃใฑใผใใใจ ใใต ใงใใใใใฃใใผ๏ผ
itsumo daigyouretsu no keeki yasan ga kyou ha tatatama aiteita node, chokoreeto keeki wo kaimashita. shikamo, taimu seeru wo yatteite, juppaasento ofu deshita. yattaa!
The cake shop that’s usually super crowded happened to be empty today, so I bought a chocolate cake. And what’s more, they were having a time sale, so it was 10% off. Yay!
Now it’s your turn! Try making your own sentence with ใใใ and see how fun and dramatic your Japanese can become!
Your Sensei,
Hikari ๐ฉ๐ป๐ซ
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